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    If you are an experienced C programmer with a working knowledge of UNIX, you cannot afford to be without this up-to -date tutorial on the system call interface and the most important functions found in the ANSI C library. Richard Stevens describes more than 200 system calls and functions; since he believes the best way to learn code is to read code,a brief example accompanies each description. Building upon information presented in the first 15 chapters, the author offers chapter-long examples teaching you how to create a database library, a PostScript printer driver, a modem dialer, and a program that runs other programs under a pseudo terminal. To make your analysis and understanding ofthis code even easier, and to allow you to modify it, all of the code in the book is available via UUNET. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment is applicable to all major UNIX releases, especially System V Release the latest release of 4.3BSD, including 386BSD. These real-world implementations allow you to more clearly understand the status of the current and future standards,including IEEE POSIX and XPG3.

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Unix Standardization and Implementations

Chapter 3 File I/O

Chapter 4 files and Directories

Chapter 5 Standard I/O Library

Chapter 6 System Data Files and Information

Chapter 7 The Environment of a Unix Process

Chapter 8 Process Control

Chapter 9 Process Relationships

Chapter 10 Signals

Chapter 11 Terminal I/O

Chapter 12 Advanced I/O

Chapter 13 Daemon Processes

Chapter 14 Interprocess Communication

Chapter 15 Advanced Interprocess Communication

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Parent and the child share a file table entry for every open descriptor.

大多数UNIX调试程序都使用core文件以检查进程终止时的状态。

将进程的信号屏蔽字设置为由sigmask指向的值。在捕捉到一个信号或发生了一个会终止该进程的信号之前，该进程被挂起。如果捕捉到一个信号而且从该信号处理程序返回，则sigsuspend返回，并且将该进程的信号屏蔽字设置为调用sigsuspend之前的值。

与应用程序使用文件描述符（fd）访问文件一样，访问套接字也需要使用套接字描述符，其在unix系统中是用文件描述符实现的。

在AF_INET通信域中套接字SOCK_STREAM的默认协议是TCP，SOCK_DGRAM的默认协议是UDP。

不同处理器架构支持不同的字节序，小端（little-endian）freebsd linux on intel pentium，大端（big-endian）mac os on power pc solaris on sun sparc，有些处理器可以配置大端和小端，更加混乱。

TCP/IP 采用大端字节序。对于TCP/IP，地址是使用网络字节序来表示，所以应用程序有时候需要在处理器的字节序和网络字节序之间转换。

uint32_t htonl(uint32_t hostint32);

uint16_t htons(uint16_t hostint16);

uint32_t ntohl(uint32_t netint32);

uint16_t ntohsl(uint16_t netint16);

h 代表host

n 代表network

l 代表 long

s 代表 short

由open返回的文件描述符一定是最小的未用描述符数值。这一点被某些应用程序用来在标准输入，标准输出或标准错误输出上打开新的文件。

其中，atexit的参数是一个函数地址，当调用此函数时无需向它传送任何参数，也不期望它返回一个值。exit以登记这些函数的相反顺序调用它们。同一函数如若登记多次，则也被调用多次。

书籍介绍

    If you are an experienced C programmer with a working knowledge of UNIX, you cannot afford to be without this up-to -date tutorial on the system call interface and the most important functions found in the ANSI C library. Richard Stevens describes more than 200 system calls and functions; since he believes the best way to learn code is to read code,a brief example accompanies each description. Building upon information presented in the first 15 chapters, the author offers chapter-long examples teaching you how to create a database library, a PostScript printer driver, a modem dialer, and a program that runs other programs under a pseudo terminal. To make your analysis and understanding ofthis code even easier, and to allow you to modify it, all of the code in the book is available via UUNET. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment is applicable to all major UNIX releases, especially System V Release the latest release of 4.3BSD, including 386BSD. These real-world implementations allow you to more clearly understand the status of the current and future standards,including IEEE POSIX and XPG3.