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When Ernest Gellner was his early thirties, he took it upon himself to challenge the prevailing philosophical orthodoxy of the day, Linguistic Philosophy. Finding a powerful ally in Bertrand Russell, who provided the foreword for this book, Gellner embarked on the project that was to put him on the intellectual map. Words and Things was the first determined attempt to state the premises and operational rules of the movement. The basic charge was that Linguistic Philosophy was an aberrant, trivializing perversion of good philosophical practice, substituting, in place of honest theorizing and argument, pedantic scrutiny of intrinsically uninteresting detail. When this now-famous critique originally appeared in 1959, it created a scandal, causing a flurry of correspondence in the Times. Words and Things remains the most devastating attack on a conventional wisdom in philosophy to this day.

FOREWORD BY BERTRAND RUSSELL

PREFACE TO THE ROUTLEDGE CLASSICS EDITION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION: The Saltmines of Salzburg or Wittgensteinianism Reconsidered in Historical Context

Ⅰ Of Linguistic Philosophy

　1 Introductory

　2 First Approaches

　3 A Theory of Philosophy

　4 A Theory of the World and of Language

　5 A Theory of Mind

Ⅱ Of Language

　1 The Theory of Language Expanded

　2 Language Games

　3 The Four Pillars

　4 The Argument from Paradigm Cases

　5 From Fact to Norm

　6 The Contrast Theory of Meaning

　7 General Comments on the Three Fallacies

　8 The Cult of the Fox

　9 Everything is Unlike Everything Else

　10 The Best of all Possible Languages

Ⅲ Of'Philosophy

　1 Activity not Doctrine

　2 The Imperturbable Universe

　3 Flashback

　4 Logical Atomism

　5 Logical Positivism

　6 Logical Constructions

　7 Common Sense

　8 Transition

　9 Appearance and Reality, or MonsieurJourdain's Revolt

Ⅳ Of the World

　1 The Secret of the Universe

　2 Naturalism

　3 A Special Kind of Naturalism

　4 The Bait and the Trap

　5 The Turn of the Screw

　6 Triple Star

　7 De Luxe

Ⅴ Of Knowledge

　1 The Circle of Knowledge

　2 Multiplication beyond Necessity

　3 Some Contrasts

　4 Realism and Idealism

　……

Ⅵ Structure and Strategy

Ⅶ Assessment

Ⅷ Implications

Ⅸ Sociology

Ⅹ Conclusion

INDEX

Ernest Gellner (1925 - 1995) A Central European émigré who made his home in England, Gellner was famed for constructing academic theories on linguistic philosophy and nationalism.

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When Ernest Gellner was his early thirties, he took it upon himself to challenge the prevailing philosophical orthodoxy of the day, Linguistic Philosophy. Finding a powerful ally in Bertrand Russell, who provided the foreword for this book, Gellner embarked on the project that was to put him on the intellectual map. Words and Things was the first determined attempt to state the premises and operational rules of the movement. The basic charge was that Linguistic Philosophy was an aberrant, trivializing perversion of good philosophical practice, substituting, in place of honest theorizing and argument, pedantic scrutiny of intrinsically uninteresting detail. When this now-famous critique originally appeared in 1959, it created a scandal, causing a flurry of correspondence in the Times. Words and Things remains the most devastating attack on a conventional wisdom in philosophy to this day.